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O presente relatório descreve uma investigação centrada na exploração de regularidades em sequências de crescimento, recorrendo a materiais manipuláveis não estruturados. Para orientar o estudo, definiu-se a seguinte questão: “De que forma a utilização de materiais manipuláveis pode contribuir para a compreensão de regularidades em sequências de crescimento por alunos do 5.º ano de escolaridade?”. Foram também definidos três objetivos principais: (i) explorar o impacto dos materiais manipuláveis na identificação e generalização de regularidades em sequências de crescimento, (ii) compreender as estratégias desenvolvidas pelos alunos durante a resolução das tarefas propostas e (iii) analisar o contributo da discussão em turma, promovida no âmbito do ensino exploratório, para o desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico. A intervenção decorreu em duas aulas de investigação implementadas numa turma do 5.º ano do 2.º ciclo do ensino básico de uma escola do concelho de Tavira, seguindo o ensino exploratório e o processo de estudo de aula, que envolveu o trabalho colaborativo entre professores, desde a planificação conjunta até à observação e reflexão pós-aula. Na primeira aula, explorou-se uma sequência linear recorrendo a copos, já na segunda, utilizaram-se feijões numa sequência geométrica.
A análise dos dados recolhidos nas implementações (gravações áudio, registos escritos e grelhas) evidenciou que os alunos inicialmente recorreram sobretudo a raciocínios recursivos, como o uso indevido da proporcionalidade direta. No entanto, a discussão em turma revelou-se essencial para o confronto de ideias, a construção conjunta de expressões geradoras e a superação de dificuldades, permitindo uma evolução para uma abordagem mais funcional e promotora do pensamento algébrico.
Os materiais manipuláveis facilitaram a visualização das sequências, reforçaram a motivação e favoreceram a interação entre pares. Em síntese, o estudo confirma o valor do uso de materiais manipuláveis, aliados a práticas exploratórias e colaborativas, na promoção da compreensão de regularidades e no desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico no 5.º ano.
This report describes a study focused on the exploration of regularities in growth sequences, using unstructured manipulative materials. The investigation was guided by the following research question: “In which way can the use of manipulative materials, contribute towards to fifth‑grade students’ understanding of regularities in growth sequences?”. Three primary objectives were defined: (i) Exploring the impact of manipulative material on identifying and generalizing regularities in growth sequences; (ii) Understanding the strategies students employ when solving the proposed tasks; and (iii) Analysing the contribution of entire class discussion, within an exploratory teaching framework, towards the development of algebraic thinking. The educational intervention took place in two research lessons delivered to a fifth‑grade class in a school in Tavira, following an exploratory teaching approach and the Lesson Study cycle. This process involved collaborative lesson planning among teachers, observation in-class, and post-class reflection among the teaching team. In the first lesson, students investigated a linear sequence using cups, while in the second lesson they explored a geometric sequence with beans. Analysis of the data collected during the implementation (audio recordings, student written work, and observation grids) revealed that students initially defaulted to recursive reasoning, such as the misuse of direct proportionality. However, the class discussions proved crucial for confronting ideas, co‑constructing generating expressions, and overcoming difficulties, thereby fostering a shift towards a more functional approach and supportive of algebraic thinking. Manipulatives materials made easier the visualisation of the sequences, reinforced student motivation, and promoted peer interaction. In summary, this study confirms the value of integrating manipulatives with exploratory, collaborative practices to foster understanding of regularities and to develop algebraic thinking among fifth‑grade students.
This report describes a study focused on the exploration of regularities in growth sequences, using unstructured manipulative materials. The investigation was guided by the following research question: “In which way can the use of manipulative materials, contribute towards to fifth‑grade students’ understanding of regularities in growth sequences?”. Three primary objectives were defined: (i) Exploring the impact of manipulative material on identifying and generalizing regularities in growth sequences; (ii) Understanding the strategies students employ when solving the proposed tasks; and (iii) Analysing the contribution of entire class discussion, within an exploratory teaching framework, towards the development of algebraic thinking. The educational intervention took place in two research lessons delivered to a fifth‑grade class in a school in Tavira, following an exploratory teaching approach and the Lesson Study cycle. This process involved collaborative lesson planning among teachers, observation in-class, and post-class reflection among the teaching team. In the first lesson, students investigated a linear sequence using cups, while in the second lesson they explored a geometric sequence with beans. Analysis of the data collected during the implementation (audio recordings, student written work, and observation grids) revealed that students initially defaulted to recursive reasoning, such as the misuse of direct proportionality. However, the class discussions proved crucial for confronting ideas, co‑constructing generating expressions, and overcoming difficulties, thereby fostering a shift towards a more functional approach and supportive of algebraic thinking. Manipulatives materials made easier the visualisation of the sequences, reinforced student motivation, and promoted peer interaction. In summary, this study confirms the value of integrating manipulatives with exploratory, collaborative practices to foster understanding of regularities and to develop algebraic thinking among fifth‑grade students.
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Materiais manipuláveis Pensamento algébrico Sequências de crescimento Estudo de aula 2.º ciclo do ensino básico
