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Desenvolvimento e implementação de um projeto luminotécnico de um sistema de iluminação pública
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| 4.51 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A Iluminação Pública (IP) está diretamente ligada ao conforto das pessoas e à segurança
nas vias públicas. Os principais objetivos são a visibilidade do trajeto a percorrer, a prevenção
de criminalidade e a iluminação de monumentos, permitindo o seu embelezamento e destaque
noturno.
A finalidade deste projeto é o estudo, desenvolvimento e análise da viabilidade técnico
económica de três sistemas de iluminação pública. O primeiro passa pelo recurso à iluminação
LED, solução implementada hoje em praticamente todas as ruas do país. A segunda passa por
uma solução mais virada para um sistema autónomo, híbrido, capaz de funcionar durante
muito tempo desligado da rede, permitindo a poupança do consumo de energia elétrica. O
terceiro e último é um sistema completamente independente, capaz de funcionar sem nenhuma
energia recebida da rede elétrica, apostando no solar fotovoltaico como fonte de energia
primária.
Em Portugal, a IP é responsável por 3% do consumo energético. No entanto, tem-se
verificado nos últimos anos uma tendência de aumento da rede de IP (cerca de 4 a 5% por
ano), o que implica um conjunto de medidas direcionadas ao aumento da eficiência energética
no parque de IP. Este elevado consumo de energia, na iluminação pública, faz com que esta
seja uma parte bastante significativa das despesas dos produtores. Por outro lado, também tem
havido uma preocupação em reduzir as emissões de dióxido de carbono. Deste modo, nos
últimos anos tem-se procurado implementar medidas que levem a uma maior eficiência
energética, sendo isto possível com a utilização de novas tecnologias de iluminação, como
luminárias LED e/ou sistemas de controlo, gestão de IP e geração de energia através de fontes
solares fotovoltaicas.
Os resultados obtidos no estudo das soluções propostas mostram que o melhor cenário é o
convencional recurso à iluminação LED. Este sistema apresenta um custo de implementação
e manutenção mais reduzido que os restantes.
Os dois sistemas de armazenamento de energia apresentam custos de implementação mais
elevados. A vida útil da bateria é um dos custos mais consideráveis do sistema. Tratando-se
de sistemas para servir o bem-estar da população, não apresentam retorno de investimento. O
estudo comparativo dos investimentos a 14 anos demonstram que a diferença da solução
convencional LED para as restantes ascende os 30000€.
Street lighting is directly linked to people's comfort and safety on public roads. The main objectives are the visibility of the route, crime prevention and monuments lighting, allowing to show his embellishment and highlighted at night. The purpose of this project is the study, development and analysis of technical and economic feasibility of three Street lighting systems. First is a LED solution, a solution that is implemented today in practically every street in the country. The second involves a solution more focused on autonomous and hybrid system capable of operating for a long time disconnected from the grid, Allowing savings in electricity consumption. The third and last is a completely independent system, capable of operating without any energy received from the electricity grid, betting on Photovoltaics supply as primary energy. In Portugal, street lighting is responsible for 3% of energy consumption. However, in recent years there has been an increasing trend in the Street lighting network (about 4 to 5% per year), which implies a set of measures aimed at increasing energy efficiency in the street lighting network. The high levels of energy consumption in Street lighting makes it a very significant part of producers' expenses. On the other hand, there has also been a concern of reduce CO2 emissions. Thus, in recent years, efforts have been made to implement measures that lead to higher energy efficiency, which is possible with the use of new lighting technologies, such as LED luminaires and/or control systems, IP management and energy generation through photovoltaic solar sources. The results obtained in the proposed solutions study reveal that the best scenario is the conventional use of LED lighting. This system has a lower implementation and maintenance cost compared with the others. The two energy storage systems have higher implementation costs. Battery life is one of the most significant system costs. In the case of systems to serve the well-being of the population, they do not present a return on investment. The comparative study of investments over 14 years reveals that the difference between the conventional LED solution and the others amounts to €30,000.
Street lighting is directly linked to people's comfort and safety on public roads. The main objectives are the visibility of the route, crime prevention and monuments lighting, allowing to show his embellishment and highlighted at night. The purpose of this project is the study, development and analysis of technical and economic feasibility of three Street lighting systems. First is a LED solution, a solution that is implemented today in practically every street in the country. The second involves a solution more focused on autonomous and hybrid system capable of operating for a long time disconnected from the grid, Allowing savings in electricity consumption. The third and last is a completely independent system, capable of operating without any energy received from the electricity grid, betting on Photovoltaics supply as primary energy. In Portugal, street lighting is responsible for 3% of energy consumption. However, in recent years there has been an increasing trend in the Street lighting network (about 4 to 5% per year), which implies a set of measures aimed at increasing energy efficiency in the street lighting network. The high levels of energy consumption in Street lighting makes it a very significant part of producers' expenses. On the other hand, there has also been a concern of reduce CO2 emissions. Thus, in recent years, efforts have been made to implement measures that lead to higher energy efficiency, which is possible with the use of new lighting technologies, such as LED luminaires and/or control systems, IP management and energy generation through photovoltaic solar sources. The results obtained in the proposed solutions study reveal that the best scenario is the conventional use of LED lighting. This system has a lower implementation and maintenance cost compared with the others. The two energy storage systems have higher implementation costs. Battery life is one of the most significant system costs. In the case of systems to serve the well-being of the population, they do not present a return on investment. The comparative study of investments over 14 years reveals that the difference between the conventional LED solution and the others amounts to €30,000.
Description
Keywords
Iluminação LED Emissões Eficiência energética Bateria Fotovoltaicas