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A teoria e a prátca de projetos biofílicos em espaços exteriores e urbanos
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Abstract(s)
O urbanismo é um dos maiores desafios contemporâneos. Segundo as Nações Unidas, mais de 66% da população viverá em áreas urbanas até 2050. Em momentos de mudanças climáticas, problemas na área da saúde e socioeconômicos, temos implicações a nossa sobrevivência e alternativas que precisam ser estudadas. Temos uma oportunidade de repensar o mundo como um todo e redesenhar o que temos como design urbano.
Os ecossistemas urbanos atuais são fragmentados e degradados, o que prejudica a economia, bem-estar e saúde fisiológica. Restaurar ecossistemas urbanos e seus serviços, estabelecendo uma infraestrutura verde, pode ter um papel crucial na resiliência urbana e no bem-estar das pessoas. Desde as novas configurações urbanas e sociais trazidas pela Revolução Industrial, o mundo experimentou uma nova correlação entre urbano e natural. Essa dinâmica já trouxe problemas em diferentes esferas e causou uma perda de bilhões devido a patologias relacionadas à saúde física e mental, fatores indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável.
A Biofilia foi trazida recentemente para as diversas áreas do design, arquitetura e planejamento urbano como uma componente multidisciplinar. Segue 14 padrões individuais, para depois, de forma sistémica, influenciar a saúde e bem-estar. Por meio de soluções baseadas na natureza, a biofilia usa o design, materiais e sua aplicação para fornecer benefícios para a reconexão humana com a natureza. O que permeia os seus fundamentos são os avanços social e urbano em harmonia com a restauração da natureza, usando da urbanidade como ferramenta de salutogénese e regeneração natural.
Dois espaços foram escolhidos nas cidades de Elvas e Faro, Portugal, para implementação do Design Biofílico. As partes interessadas e o público estiveram envolvidos no processo de decisão desde o início do projeto. Os projetos de demonstração mostraram como o design biofílico pode melhorar o bem-estar e fornecer espaços saudáveis, restaurativos em diversas escalas tipológicas de utilização, tecnológico, inovador, criativo e minimalista.
One of the biggest contemporary challenges is urbanism. According to the United Nations, more than 66% of the population will be living in urban areas by 2050. In times when we can see the climate changes, health, and socioeconomic problems, we have implications by our lives and new alternatives must be studied. We have an opportunity to rethink the whole world and redesign what we have as urban design. Urban ecosystems are fragmented and degraded, which harms the economy, well-being, and physiological health. Restoring urban ecosystems and establishing green infrastructure, can play a crucial role in urban resilience and people’s well-being. Since the Industrial Revolution, the world has experienced a new correlation between urban and natural. This already caused problems in different spheres and therefore, causing a loss of billions in physical and mental pathologies, indicators of sustainable development. Biophilia was recently brought to several areas of design, architecture, and urban planning as a multidisciplinary component. It follows 14 defined patterns, to then, systematically, influence in the health and well-being. Through nature-based-solutions, biophilia uses the design, materials, and their application to provide benefits for humans through nature. Its foundations are a social and urban advance in Harmony with the restoration of nature, using urbanity as a tool for salutognesis and natural regeneration. Two cities were chosen, Elvas and Faro, Portugal, to implement the biophilic projects. The stakeholders and the public were involved since the first decisions. The demonstration projects presented how biophilic design can enhance well-being and provide cheap and sustainable spaces, restoring in different scales of tipology, technology, innovation, creativity and minimalism.
One of the biggest contemporary challenges is urbanism. According to the United Nations, more than 66% of the population will be living in urban areas by 2050. In times when we can see the climate changes, health, and socioeconomic problems, we have implications by our lives and new alternatives must be studied. We have an opportunity to rethink the whole world and redesign what we have as urban design. Urban ecosystems are fragmented and degraded, which harms the economy, well-being, and physiological health. Restoring urban ecosystems and establishing green infrastructure, can play a crucial role in urban resilience and people’s well-being. Since the Industrial Revolution, the world has experienced a new correlation between urban and natural. This already caused problems in different spheres and therefore, causing a loss of billions in physical and mental pathologies, indicators of sustainable development. Biophilia was recently brought to several areas of design, architecture, and urban planning as a multidisciplinary component. It follows 14 defined patterns, to then, systematically, influence in the health and well-being. Through nature-based-solutions, biophilia uses the design, materials, and their application to provide benefits for humans through nature. Its foundations are a social and urban advance in Harmony with the restoration of nature, using urbanity as a tool for salutognesis and natural regeneration. Two cities were chosen, Elvas and Faro, Portugal, to implement the biophilic projects. The stakeholders and the public were involved since the first decisions. The demonstration projects presented how biophilic design can enhance well-being and provide cheap and sustainable spaces, restoring in different scales of tipology, technology, innovation, creativity and minimalism.
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Keywords
Design biofílico Bem-estar Salutogénese Infraestrutura verde Soluções