Loading...
Publication
A coroa, os mestres e os comendadores: as Ordens Militares de Avis de de Santiago (1330 - 1449)
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.89 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Com base na análise prosopográfica de um universo de 204 comendadores e de 19
mestres e administradores, discute-se a imagem aristocrática das ordens militares e
sublinha-se o predomínio dos mestres e dos comendadores recrutados entre as elites
urbanas até finais do século XIV. A análise da relação entre a Coroa e as ordens, que
se manifestava sobretudo no controle das eleições dos mestres, permitiu verificar
que o perfil destes se alterou decisivamente desde meados do século XIV, primeiro
com a entrega das milícias a vassalos do monarca, depois aos fidalgos da Corte, e, já
no século XV, aos infantes da família real. Por via dessa alteração, o ambiente social
das ordens modificou-se e aumentou gradualmente o número de professos nobres,
sem que as milícias se convertessem, porém, em espaços exclusivamente destinados
aos fidalgos do reino. Apesar destes processos, que sublinhavam a subordinação das
ordens aos desígnios da Coroa e acentuavam a importância do benefício por detrás
dos ofícios, mais evidente no caso dos mestres, isso não erodiu por completo aquela
que fora a vocação inicial das milícias, isto é, a defesa da Cristandade e o combate
aos infiéis. Diversos indícios sugerem, na verdade, que a entrega dos mestrados aos
infantes era parte de um projecto mais vasto de cruzada em África, dirigido por uma
monarquia que começava a apresentar-se como a vanguarda da fé.
Based upon prosopographical studies of 204 commanders and 19 masters and lay administrators, the author challenges the traditional view of the military orders as institutions suited for nobles and controlled by them. By recalling the urban origin of the militias, which is usually forgotten, the author stresses the frequent recruitment of brethren from urban social groups and even from families of more modest status. On the other hand, the data collected allowed him to verify a paramount change in the recruitment policies by the end of the 14th century. By then, noblemen became prevalent amongst the brethren, even if the orders did not turn into an exclusive club to the nobles of the kingdom. It was further suggested that the aristocratization of the orders and the consequent transformation of their social environment must be related to the increasing influence of the Crown, a fact which has been noticed by some historians and has become a sort of common wisdom. The Crown´s control wasn’t read, however, as a process of nationalization. On the contrary, it was suggested that the ‘service of the king’ became embedded with the ‘service of God’, as the Crown opened the crusade in Africa (1415) and began to present itself as the vanguard of the Christian faith.
Based upon prosopographical studies of 204 commanders and 19 masters and lay administrators, the author challenges the traditional view of the military orders as institutions suited for nobles and controlled by them. By recalling the urban origin of the militias, which is usually forgotten, the author stresses the frequent recruitment of brethren from urban social groups and even from families of more modest status. On the other hand, the data collected allowed him to verify a paramount change in the recruitment policies by the end of the 14th century. By then, noblemen became prevalent amongst the brethren, even if the orders did not turn into an exclusive club to the nobles of the kingdom. It was further suggested that the aristocratization of the orders and the consequent transformation of their social environment must be related to the increasing influence of the Crown, a fact which has been noticed by some historians and has become a sort of common wisdom. The Crown´s control wasn’t read, however, as a process of nationalization. On the contrary, it was suggested that the ‘service of the king’ became embedded with the ‘service of God’, as the Crown opened the crusade in Africa (1415) and began to present itself as the vanguard of the Christian faith.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento, História, especialidade de História Medieval, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2006.
O conteúdo está em acesso aberto em http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/19665.
O conteúdo está em acesso aberto em http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/19665.
Keywords
História Época medieval Ordens militares Prosopografia Coroa Nobreza Elites urbanas Cruzada