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Estudo prelimiar sobre o potencial energético da biomassa dos resíduos da cultura do milho (ZEA MAYS L.) na região de Kissomeira, Angola
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Abstract(s)
A Kissomeira é um conglomerado habitacional localizado numa região semiárida da Província do Bengo, Angola. Apesar da sua localização na região setentrional do País, à semelhança das zonas costeiras e de transição mais a sul, é notória a exiguidade de chuvas. Não obstante, a comunidade dedica-se à agricultura, sendo a cultura do milho, em regime de sequeiro, a principal actividade.
O conglomerado está desprovido de alguns serviços essenciais como o abastecimento de energia eléctrica e de água.
A sua actividade produtiva gera elevadas quantidades de resíduos que, regra geral, são deixados sobre os campos após a colheita, tendo por destino a incineração, com todos os efeitos nocivos que acarreta para a saúde das populações e para o meio ambiente.
A crise energética mundial tem levado muitos países a enveredarem pelo emprego de recursos naturais, menos nocivos para o ambiente, para a produção descentralizada de energia eléctrica, entre os quais a biomassa. Neste alinhamento, foi realizado o presente estudo que visou obter, de forma preliminar, um indicador da quantidade de resíduos efectivamente gerados pela cultura do milho nesta região e a viabilidade da sua utilização para o suprimento da sua necessidade energética.
O estudo consistiu na realização de um inquérito aos aldeões, subdividido em questionário e medição das parcelas. Os resultados indicam que na 2ª época do ano agrícola 2018/2019 foram produzidas cerca de 27 266 toneladas de resíduos de milho, com as quais, teoricamente, é possível gerar 12 230 MWh a 13 667 MWh de electricidade. Para uma avaliação correcta do interesse deste aproveitamento, realizou-se um balanço entre o potencial energético, tendo como referência a produção de 12 230 MWh, e a necessidade de consumo da área do estudo para o funcionamento da central de conversão da biomassa em electricidade, com uma incursão sobre o processo de recolha dos resíduos e funcionamento da central.
Kissomeira is a housing conglomerate located in a semi-arid region of Bengo Province, Angola. Despite its location in the northern region of the country, the slightness of rainfall is notorious like as along coastal and transition areas further south. Nevertheless, the community is dedicated to agriculture, and the corn crop, on a rainfed regime, is the main activity. The conglomerate is devoid of some essential services such as electricity and water supply. Corn production generates high amounts of wastes which, as a general rule, are left on the fields after harvest, for incineration, with all the harmful effects it has on the health of the population and the environment. The global energy crisis has led many countries to consider the viability of decentralized production of electricity using other resources, less harmful to the environment, such as the biomass. In this alignment, this study was elaborated to obtain, in a preliminary way, an indicator of the amount of waste actually generated by corn crop in the Region of Kissomeira and the feasibility of its use to supply energy need of this housing conglomerate. The study conducted a survey of producers, subdivided into a questionnaire and measurement of plots. The results indicate that in the 2nd season of the 2018/2019 agricultural year, around 27 266 tons of corn residues were produced, with which, theoretically, it is possible to generate 12 230 MWh to 13 667 MWh of electricity. For a correct assessment of the interest of this development, a balance was made between the energy potential, having as a reference the production of 12 230 MWh, and the consumption need of the study area for the operation of the biomass-to-electricity conversion plant, with an incursion into the waste collection process and operation of the plant.
Kissomeira is a housing conglomerate located in a semi-arid region of Bengo Province, Angola. Despite its location in the northern region of the country, the slightness of rainfall is notorious like as along coastal and transition areas further south. Nevertheless, the community is dedicated to agriculture, and the corn crop, on a rainfed regime, is the main activity. The conglomerate is devoid of some essential services such as electricity and water supply. Corn production generates high amounts of wastes which, as a general rule, are left on the fields after harvest, for incineration, with all the harmful effects it has on the health of the population and the environment. The global energy crisis has led many countries to consider the viability of decentralized production of electricity using other resources, less harmful to the environment, such as the biomass. In this alignment, this study was elaborated to obtain, in a preliminary way, an indicator of the amount of waste actually generated by corn crop in the Region of Kissomeira and the feasibility of its use to supply energy need of this housing conglomerate. The study conducted a survey of producers, subdivided into a questionnaire and measurement of plots. The results indicate that in the 2nd season of the 2018/2019 agricultural year, around 27 266 tons of corn residues were produced, with which, theoretically, it is possible to generate 12 230 MWh to 13 667 MWh of electricity. For a correct assessment of the interest of this development, a balance was made between the energy potential, having as a reference the production of 12 230 MWh, and the consumption need of the study area for the operation of the biomass-to-electricity conversion plant, with an incursion into the waste collection process and operation of the plant.
Description
Keywords
Milho(zea mays) Biomassa Exploração agrícola familiar Conversão energética Ciclo a vapor