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O efeito da valência emocional no reconhecimento das palavras durante a leitura
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo pretende esclarecer os efeitos da valência no processamento da palavra escrita, nomeadamente no acesso ao léxico. Para além da valência, fatores como a frequência ou arousal foram controlados dado as suas implicações no reconhecimento das palavras. Para compreender de que forma a valência do estímulo afeta o processamento da palavra escrita, 36 participantes responderam a uma Tarefa de Decisão Lexical, onde o tempo de apresentação dos estímulos foi manipulado. Foram manipuladas duas condições que se diferenciam pela duração da apresentação da palavra (150ms e 300ms), assumindo que tempos de exposição mais longos implicam maior tempo de processamento dos estímulos. Os resultados mostraram que as palavras positivas apresentam vantagem no reconhecimento; porém, ao controlar a frequência, verificámos que esta se sobrepõe à valência, isto é, nas palavras de Alta Frequência não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre as condições de valência. O arousal não demonstrou uma grande influência nos tempos de reconhecimento, pois as palavras de Baixo Arousal apresentaram uma vantagem de processamento. Esta dimensão apenas se manifestou significativa quando conjugada com a valência e frequência.
Esta investigação permitiu comprovar uma vantagem da emoção positiva. A resposta mais rápida para as palavras positivas em detrimento das negativas pode ser sustentada pelo maior impacto causado pela informação negativa atrasando o seu processamento. Importa ainda destacar o papel da frequência no reconhecimento da palavra escrita – as palavras mais familiares facilitam o processamento sobrepondo-se à valência da palavra gerada numa fase mais tardia (pós-lexical).
The present study intends to clarify the effects of valence in the processing of the written word, namely in the access to the lexicon. In addition to valence, factors such as frequency or arousal were controlled because of their implications in word recognition. To understand how the valence of the stimulus affects the processing of the written word, 36 participants responded to a Lexical Decision Task, where the time of presentation of the stimuli was manipulated. Two conditions were manipulated that differed by the duration of the presentation of the word (150ms and 300ms), assuming that longer exposure times imply longer processing times of the stimuli. The results showed that positive words have an advantage in recognition; however, when controlling the frequency, we verified that it overlaps the valence, which means that in High Frequency words there are no significant differences between the valence conditions. The arousal did not demonstrate a great influence in the times of recognition, because the words of Low Arousal presented a processing advantage. This variable only manifested itself as significant when conjugated with valence and frequency. This research allowed to prove an advantage of positive emotion. The faster response to positive words over negative ones can be sustained by a greater impact caused by negative information delaying its processing. It is important to emphasize the role of frequency on the recognition of words – familiar words facilitate the processing, overlapping the valence generated at a later stage (post-lexical).
The present study intends to clarify the effects of valence in the processing of the written word, namely in the access to the lexicon. In addition to valence, factors such as frequency or arousal were controlled because of their implications in word recognition. To understand how the valence of the stimulus affects the processing of the written word, 36 participants responded to a Lexical Decision Task, where the time of presentation of the stimuli was manipulated. Two conditions were manipulated that differed by the duration of the presentation of the word (150ms and 300ms), assuming that longer exposure times imply longer processing times of the stimuli. The results showed that positive words have an advantage in recognition; however, when controlling the frequency, we verified that it overlaps the valence, which means that in High Frequency words there are no significant differences between the valence conditions. The arousal did not demonstrate a great influence in the times of recognition, because the words of Low Arousal presented a processing advantage. This variable only manifested itself as significant when conjugated with valence and frequency. This research allowed to prove an advantage of positive emotion. The faster response to positive words over negative ones can be sustained by a greater impact caused by negative information delaying its processing. It is important to emphasize the role of frequency on the recognition of words – familiar words facilitate the processing, overlapping the valence generated at a later stage (post-lexical).
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Keywords
Valência Leitura Frequência Arousal Tarefa de decisão lexical