FEC2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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Percorrer FEC2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas) por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "10:Reduzir as Desigualdades"
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- A antecipação da velhice na meia-idade: uma perspetiva de géneroPublication . Janssens-Theunis, Alyssa; São José, JoséEste artigo reporta os resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que procurou compreender, a partir de uma perspetiva de género, como é que os indivíduos na meia-idade antecipam a sua própria velhice. Detetou-se uma grande diversidade de modos de antecipação da própria velhice, bem como marcas de género relativamente à opinião de alguns entrevistados (maioritariamente mulheres) sobre o modo como os homens e as mulheres antecipam a própria velhice e sobre a idade em que eles e elas entram na velhice. Outros entrevistados (maioritariamente homens) acham que as eventuais diferenças entre sexos no que respeita a estes dois temas não têm a ver com o género. São discutidas as implicações destes resultados para o conhecimento sociológico e para as políticas públicas.
- Coagglomeration patterns in portuguese labour-intensive industries: complementarity and specialisation dynamicsPublication . Cesário, MarisaThe aim of this paper is to analyse the patterns of industrial agglomeration in Portugal in order to understand their underlying dynamics. Industries tend to be concentrated geographically, rather than due to random causes, natural advantages or Marshallian forces. Empirically, industry pairwise coagglomeration is measured using the Ellison and Glaeser (1997) metric, with the goal of understanding the complementarity versus specialisation dynamics behind the industrial geographic concentration in Portugal. It is concluded that the most prominent industrial clusters in Portugal are as follows: textiles and clothing, footwear and transport, each one having a different agglomeration dynamic. While some sectors tend to benefit more from the interdependencies along the value chain (meaning vertical industrial relationships, related to complementary dynamics), others are more vulnerable to labour pooling (more to do with horizontal industrial relationships and specialisation dynamics), and others to both. For policymakers, for instance, it is of great use to know exactly the right triggers as the success of any programme results from the suitability of the initiatives being financially supported.
- “E-migrantes” y las redes sociales digitales en la construcción de un espacio transnacional: el caso de los peruanos en PortugalPublication . Marques, João Filipe; Calla Jesús de Sousa, YeseniaEste artículo busca comprender la influencia de las redes sociales digitales (RSD) en la vida cotidiana de los inmigrantes. Se pretende entender de qué manera estas prácticas contribuyen a la construcción de un espacio transnacional, considerando que esta expresión se refiere al mantenimiento de lazos entre los inmigrantes y su país de origen, así como a la formación de vínculos con sus compatriotas que también viven en el extranjero. El artículo recurre al concepto de “e-migrantes” para designar a aquellos que, mediante el uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), permanecen conectados entre sí y con su país de origen. Como caso empírico, se estudia a los inmigrantes peruanos residentes en Portugal. La pregunta de investigación fue la siguiente: ¿de qué forma la comunidad peruana que vive en Portugal utiliza las RSD? El artículo se centra en las prácticas que emergen de la apropiación de las plataformas digitales — en particular, la construcción de “comunidades virtuales” — a través de una metodología mixta que incluye el análisis de un conjunto de entrevistas semiestructuradas, una encuesta en línea y datos estadísticos sobre el uso de las RSD.
- Economic reconversion and the creation of new trajectories in peripheral mining regions: proposing a theoretical frameworkPublication . Belisario, Helen; Pinto, Hugo; Guimarães, Liliane de OliveiraSeveral regions around the world face the challenge of renewing their economies when the usual growth trajectory begins to weaken. In territories where a particular economic activity predominates - a lock-in, as in the case of mining regions it is considered essential to define new trajectories that allow for economic diversification following the closure of extraction activities. These regions are at a critical juncture to plan for future diversification. This article seeks, based on the literature of evolutionary economic geography (EEG), to expand the understanding of the relationship between mining in peripheral areas and regional diversification, highlighting the role of regional actors in creating new trajectories, whether related to mining or not. The search for a path creation model that considers social, environmental, and economic aspects is becoming increasingly important, both for civil society and for initiatives from national, international, and regulatory bodies. As such, the discussion about path development has gained significant prominence in political agendas and civil dialogues. The article presents a theoretical framework that cyclically integrates the creation of new trajectories, influenced by the actions of local agents, who also contribute to strengthening territorial resilience.
- Editorial 49Publication . Baião Gato, Maria Assunção; Cruz, Ana RitaIssue 49 of CIDADES, Comunidades e Territórios (CITIES, Communities and Territories) features a thematic dossier titled “Between the digital and the urban: readings of the changing space” coordinated by Isabel Carvalho, Sílvia Leiria Viegas, Adriana Nascimento, and Tamara Egler. Digital media are increasingly reshaping how urban life is experienced, represented, and studied. This dossier offers a glimpse into these transformations through 6 articles, 2 essays, and 3 additional contributions exploring the relationship between technology, art and politics. Overall, the authors reflect on how technopower and polarization dynamics take place, namely with reference to a few case studies, while discussing how urban resistance and reconfiguration can be organized around collective initiatives and social movements. These contributions underscore how digital media can enable new forms of knowledge production and civic engagement, inviting researchers to reconsider the boundaries between analysis, intervention, and collaboration in contemporary urban studies.
- Exploração das percepções sobre o emprego na hotelaria no Algarve durante a COVIDPublication . Castela, Guilherme; Henriques, Cláudia Helena; Lampreia Carvalho, Fatima; Afonso, CarlosThe Travel and Tourism (T&T) industry is highly sensitive to extreme events like pandemics (Price et al., 2022; OECD, 2020). The COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted the sector, leading to mobility restrictions and closures (Chowdhury and Jomo, 2020). However, it also presented opportunities for innovation (Price et al., 2022). The economic impact on Portugal's GDP was significant, with T&T's contribution dropping from 17.1% in 2019 to 8.7% in 2020 and recovering in subsequent years (WTTC, 2022). Given the Algarve's dependence on tourism, this study highlights the need for new strategies to overcome challenges (EURES, 2022). This research aims to analyse how Algarve's (South of Portugal) hospitality (hotels and restaurants) employers and employees perceived the Portuguese government's measures to address the COVID-19 crisis via a Three-Way Data Analysis multivariate statistical procedure, namely the COSTATIS method, which can be considered a more advanced or specialized version of STATIS, offering more flexibility and refinement in handling complex data relationships. The statistical procedure supports the assessment of 27 varieties of perceptions of the pandemic crisis that were collected from respondents distributed in four hospitality professional categories (restaurant and hotel managers and employees). The conclusions identify that association with a professional category in the hospitality industry tends to affect ideas regarding the potential for coping and resilience associated with organizational challenges. Members of the diverse professional categories think of the crisis in different ways due to their status and hierarchic position in business organisations. More attention should be given to what those professionals with lower status have to say about the organisational climate in the event of future crises.
- Exploring the use of data envelopment analysis for formative evaluation of senior high schools in ghanaPublication . Aikins, Emmanuel; Pereira dos Santos, Sérgio; Amado, CarlaThis study explores the use of data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the formative evaluation of senior high schools (SHS) in Ghana and investigates how the DEA results can help improve their performance. By assessing the relative performance of 215 public SHS across five regions (Greater Accra Region, Ashanti Region, Central Region, Upper West Region, and Upper East Region), the study contributes to the broader discourse on knowledge-based economies by demonstrating how data-driven insights can optimize resource allocation and improve human capital development. The schools are classified into groups A, B, and C based on students’ entrance examination scores, and a hierarchical categorization DEA procedure is applied to assess them across three dimensions: resource efficiency, resource effectiveness, and effectiveness. This study highlights the crucial role of knowledge creation, diffusion, and application in education management by fostering deep engagement with decision-makers, ensuring the acceptance of DEA results, and promoting continuous improvement in institutional performance. The findings reveal significant disparities in school efficiency and effectiveness, underscoring the need for structured knowledge-sharing mechanisms. To support sustained performance improvement and better resource utilization, we propose the establishment of an educational performance observatory. This initiative would function as a platform for knowledge diffusion, enabling underperforming schools to benchmark against high-performing institutions, thus reinforcing the foundational role of knowledge exchange in strengthening educational systems and, by extension, the knowledge economy.
- Factors influencing access to finance among jordanian SMEs: examining the role of P2P lending fintech, information asymmetry, transaction cost, and financial literacyPublication . Doumi, Ammar Fakhri; Begum, Halima; Doumi, Fakhri Bani; Alam, A. S. A. FerdousThe aim of this research is to examine the correlation between Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending financial technology (Fintech), information asymmetry, transaction cost, financial literacy, and access to finance among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan. The study used Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data collected from a sample of 335 SMEs in Jordan. The study’s findings indicate that information asymmetry and transaction cost have a notable and adverse impact on access to finance. On the other hand, P2P lending Fintech has no direct effect on access to finance. Additionally, financial literacy significantly moderates the relationship between P2P lending and access to finance among SMEs. In conclusion, P2P lending Fintech has been proven to help Jordanian SMEs’ access financing when financial literacy interacts as a moderator. This study contributes to the extant literature on how financial literacy moderates the relationship between P2P lending and SMEs’ access to finance. Finally, the results of this research benefit SMEs’ owners/managers by providing them with empirically validated insights into the factors that affect their ability to access financing. Additional research should investigate many categories of Fintech tools, such as crowdfunding, blockchain, and other related technologies. Furthermore, it is necessary to examine additional factors that impact the ability to get financial resources, such as collateral and management risk, and it is important to assess the influence of financial management regulations on these factors.
- Measuring the effect of deprivation on primary health care performance using data envelopment analysis and Malmquist IndicesPublication . Merelie, Holly Bea; Amado, Carla; Pereira dos Santos, SérgioLife expectancy is typically shorter in areas with higher deprivation, highlighting the need for policymakers and health care managers to focus on reducing health inequalities through efficient and effective care. This study aims to assess the impact of deprivation on primary health care performance using data from the National Health Service (NHS) in England. Two methods are applied: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the performance of 188 Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs), whose duties were recently taken on by the new Integrated Care Systems (ICSs), and the Malmquist Index (MI) to assess deprivation’s effect on performance. The DEA results reveal significant variation among CCGs in equity, efficiency, and effectiveness, indicating substantial room for improvement. The MI results show that while CCGs in more deprived areas had more resources per capita and higher efficiency, they were generally less effective than those in less deprived areas. This emphasizes the need to enhance health and social policies to address persistent health inequalities due to deprivation, a critical challenge for the new ICSs. This study illustrates how DEA and the MI can support policymakers and managers in this effort.
- Modelling of childbearing progression among women living with HIV in Ibadan, NigeriaPublication . Akinyemi, Joshua O.; Afolabi, Rotimi; Awolude, Olutosin A.; OLAGUNJU, AHMEDBackground Childbearing is a major concern for women living with HIV especially in low-middle income countries. There are fears about access to care, risk of vertical transmission, health challenges, maternal and child morbidity/ mortality. Investigation of childbearing progression and its associated factors among these women will be useful for design of reproductive healthcare services of these women and ultimately address their multifaceted concerns. This study examined childbearing progression and its correlates another among women living with HIV in Ibadan. Method The study used a dataset from a cross-sectional study on childbearing progression among 933 respondents aged (18–49) receiving HIV care at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Synthetic Relational Gompertz method was used to estimate fertility rate in the study population while a multistate model was developed to identify the factors associated with progression from one birth to the next. Results The average age of participants was 38 years, with majority being Yoruba tribe (80.5%). Nearly all had at least basic education (93%), and about half had 1–2 children at the time of their HIV diagnosis (47.6%). The likelihood of progressing from the first to a second birth was 77%, though no specific factors were statistically significant. However, progression to a third birth was significantly less likely (86% lower), and associated with factors such as: Having 1–2 children at HIV diagnosis (59% less likely to progress). Having more than 2 children at HIV diagnosis (94% more likely to progress), marital status (widowed women were 36% more likely to progress), partner’s education (secondary education increased the likelihood by 23%), partner’s employment status (unemployed partners increased the likelihood by 40%), desire for more children, partner’s HIV-negative status. Progression to fourth and subsequent births showed a continued decline, with the likelihood of a fourth birth being 82% lower and a fifth or sixth birth 85% lower. Women with secondary education were significantly less likely to progress to fifth births. Conclusion Overall, the corrected total fertility rate is 3.54, it’s below the national estimates and Southwest region which implies fertility is declining among women living with HIV in Ibadan. The findings revealed the relevance of socio-economic and demographic factors in childbearing progression among women living with HIV. Focused interventions should aim to provide better family planning support and integrate reproductive health counseling into HIV care programs.