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- Meditation effects on anxiety and resilience of preadolescents and adolescents: a randomized controlled studyPublication . Gomes, Alexandra; Santos, Joana; Vieira, Luís SérgioMeditation has been described as having a positive impact on well-being while reducing anxiety and stress among those who practice, mainly working as a resource to cope with everyday difficulties. As a simple and easy to apply meditation technique, transcendental meditation (TM) has shown promising results in adults and in children, although more studies are needed to show the impact on psychological and behavioral dimensions in children and adolescents. This quasi-experimental, pre-test–post-test study, with a control group, aimed to evaluate the impact of TM on the stress and resilience of children and adolescents, with ages between 9 and 16 years old. Participants were selected within schools which implemented the Quiet Time Program (QT), from those who volunteered to participate. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (immediate TM learning) and to a control group (delayed TM learning). A repeated measures ANOVA showed an interaction of time and group on externalizing behavior, from the strengths and difficulties measure. The experimental group decreased on externalizing less adjusted behaviors, while the control group increased in this aspect, after a twelve-week period. TM failed to reduce anxiety and to contribute to resilience in the TM experimental group. Both groups improved anxiety indicators. The results might suggest students were acting upon their expectation of improvement on practicing TM or solely modifying their behavior along the contextual factors, which affected both groups equally.
- Organizational practices for the expatriates' adjustment: a systematic reviewPublication . Sousa, Cátia; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; dos Santos, Vieira; Leitão, JoséPurpose - The globalization of work has contributed to a great increment in cross-cultural interactions, contributing to a new impetus in the expatriates' topic. The costs associated with the failed international missions are high, and the identification of effective adjustment strategies is of extreme importance, both for organizations and for individuals. The purpose of this paper is to identify the kind of practices that are developed by organizations and their impact on the adjustment of expatriates. Design/methodology/approach - To achieve the proposed objective, a systematic review of literature (from the late 1980s to the present day) will be carried out. Findings - Based on five articles on the topic, the results show that there are few studies that assess the impact of the types of adjustment to organizational practices, with the cross-cultural training and language training being the most common. These practices have shown a positive effect on performance and adjustment of expatriates. Originality/value - The authors feel the lack of studies that have adequate indicators to measure the integration and effectiveness of the adjustment of expatriates.
- Translate into spanish of the conditions for work effectiveness questionnaire (CWEQ II)Publication . Mendoza Sierra, Maria Isabel; Orgambidez-Ramos, Alejandro; Borrego Ales, Yolanda; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Santos, JoanaThe objective of this study is to adapt and translate into Spanish the Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire -CWEQ II-(Laschinger, Finegan, Shamian & Wilk, 2001). A process of translation and reverse-translation was applied to the scale's items, whose psychometric properties were then examined using a sample of 346 employees from a Spanish public university. Reliability, factor structure (confirmatory factor analysis) of the scale and relationships between structural, general and psychological empowerment are investigated. Results showed a multidimensional scale of four first-order factors (access to opportunities, information, support and resources) as the original one, and positive relations between structural, general and psychological empowerment in the workplace. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions to further research are made.
- The challenges faced by higher education students and their expectations during COVID-19 in PortugalPublication . Viana, Joana; Gonçalves, Sónia P.; Brandão, Catarina; Veloso, Ana; Vieira dos Santos, J.This article reports on a study about higher education students’ perceptions of the teaching situation in Portugal during the pandemic, with the purpose of investigating: (i) what challenges did students feel?; (ii) how did institutions provide support to students?; and (iii) what expectations do students have about the continuity of their academic path and of higher education? The study was developed through a questionnaire distributed online and sent to the student associations. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and frequency statistics. Additionally, a categorical content analysis was performed for the qualitative data. A total of 694 students participated in the study. The results show that the main challenges felt by the students were related to the assessment of learning, that higher education institutions were little or not prepared for an emergency, and that the support given to students was mostly through the professors. Most students felt that the pandemic will have quite an impact on their academic paths and on the organization and functioning of higher education, highlighting a belief in the adoption of online or blended learning. It was concluded that it is necessary to invest in pedagogical training for Portuguese higher education teachers, namely, to teach using digital technologies.
- Cultura: clima organizacional e satisfação profissionalPublication . Santos, Joana Conduto Vieira dos; Gonçalves, GabrielaA temática da cultura organizacional permite compreender diversos aspectos da vida organizacional, antes negligenciados. A abordagem simbólica possibilita a interpretação da realidade socialmente construída, e a compreensão da forma como os indivíduos estruturam os seus pensamentos, acções e sentimentos. No presente estudo, procurou-se destacar a influência da cultura e do clima organizacionais, conceitos cuja essência radica na partilha do significado atribuído pelos indivíduos às diversas formas e manifestações, sobre a satisfação no trabalho dos colaboradores e sobre a atmosfera de grupo. Estas duas variáveis têm bastante relevância para o desempenho organizacional, visto terem repercussões na realização pessoal dos colaboradores e na produtividade da empresa. Nesta investigação, objectivou-se averiguar a influência da percepção da cultura organizacional na satisfação profissional e na atmosfera de grupo de 210 enfermeiros e professores, respectivamente, de dois centros de saúde e um hospital e de quatro escolas. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um instrumento constituído por três escalas: o questionário FOCUS (Fmt Organizational Culture Unified Search) (Neves e Jesuíno, 1996), a Escala de Satisfação Profissional (Lima, Vala e Monteiro, 1994) e a Escala de Atmosfera de Grupo (Jesuíno, 1987). Foram também registadas variáveis demográficas categorizadoras dos inquiridos. Os resultados sugerem que a cultura das organizações estudadas são percepcionadas sobretudo como uma cultura de regras. É possível afirmar que as variáveis demográficas têm muito pouco poder na determinação da cultura organizacional (7%), da atmosfera de grupo (7%) e da satisfação profissional (2%). No entanto, verificamos que a cultura organizacional apresentam um elevado valor preditivo da satisfação profissional (45%) e da atmosfera de grupo (30%). Podemos ainda concluir que estas duas últimas variáveis se correlacionam significativamente (32%). De um modo geral, estes resultados demonstraram a existência de influência do tipo de cultura organizacional sobre a satisfação no trabalho e a atmosfera de grupo. Porém, persiste a necessidade de aprofundar, teórica e empiricamente, os conhecimentos sobre esta problemática.
- The workaholism as an obstacle to safety and well-being in the workplacePublication . Maria Ramos Gonçalves, Gabriela; Néné, D.; Mendes da Silva de Sousa, Carlos A; Santos, Joana Conduto Vieira dos; Sousa, António Oliveira eThe work aholism, defined as addiction at work, increase burnout and negatively affects the psychological well-being. It was developed a quantitative study using self-reported measures. This study aims to evaluate the variables: passion for work, work engagement, engagement for life and job satisfaction as predictors of workaholism and the effects of workaholism on the psychological well-being and burnout. With a sample of 199 workers, the results of multiple linear regression analysis allowed to identify that some of the variables and their dimensions have significant effects on the workaholism and on psychological well-being and burnout.
- Smartphone use side-by-side with burnout: mediation of work-family interaction and lonelinessPublication . Gonçalves, Sónia P.; Vieira dos Santos, J.The main objective of this investigation is to study the relationship between compulsive smartphone use and burnout, and the potential mediating effect of negative work–family interaction and loneliness in this relationship. An online questionnaire was applied to a sample of 228 Portuguese workers, from various sectors, aged between 19 and 60 years (mean = 32.32); (standard deviation = 9.25), mostly female (64.5%; n = 154). The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The main results show that the compulsive use of the smartphone is positively and expressively related (β = 0.258; p < 0.001) to burnout, with compulsive users reporting more symptoms of burnout. In addition, this study shows the mediating power of negative work–family interaction and loneliness, in the relationship between compulsive smartphone use and burnout, with this effect being positive and significant (B = 0.072; 95% CI [0.026; 0.145]; B = 0.068; 95% CI [0.008; 0.141]). These results highlight the need for individuals and organizations to use smartphones with caution, as well as reinforce that companies must develop a way to prevent and treat possible risk factors associated with this phenomenon.
- Portuguese mothers and fathers share similar levels of work-family guilt according to a newly validated measurePublication . Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Sousa, Cátia; Santos, Joana Conduto Vieira dos; Silva, Tânia; Korabik, KarenTransformations in family and work life have led to profound changes in the articulation of both spheres. The massive entry of women into the labor market, the decline of a family model based on the male provider, increasing job demands, and persistent gender inequality are factors that can generate work-family conflict and lead to feelings of guilt. Work-family guilt is a topic still rarely studied, particularly in Portugal. Given the importance of understanding the complexity of the relationships underlying the work-family interface and the lack of instruments in Portuguese to assess the feeling of guilt as it pertains to the work-family interface, our goal was to adapt the Work-Family Guilt Scale (WFGS) to the Portuguese population. Our results confirmed the two-dimensional structure of the scale with good reliability and validity. The WFGS was invariant between genders, with no significant mean differences between men and women. Convergent validity with the variables of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict and discriminant validity between the two dimensions of the WFGS was demonstrated. Use of this scale will allow the identification of feelings of guilt, which pose risks to the physical, emotional and psychological well-being of workers. Guilt feelings should, like conflict, be considered as a psychosocial risk that must be mitigated through policies and practices aimed at promoting a balance between family and working life.
- Empirical evidence for the validity of the job crafting scale (JCS) in a Portuguese settingPublication . Viseu, João; Santos, Joana; Semedo, Carla Santarém; Bakker, Arnold B.; Tims, Maria; Agrela, Sara; Lagareiro, BeatrizPurpose - This study aims to adapt and validate the Job Crafting Scale (JCS), a measure based on the conceptualization of job crafting of the job demands-resources theory, for a sample of Portuguese workers and to test its psychometric properties regarding validity (factor, convergent, discriminant, and criterion) and reliability. Design/methodology/approach - Two subsamples (n1 = 315 and n2 = 329) of Portuguese workers aged 18 years old and over participated in this research. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the factor structure. Findings - The results indicated that the Portuguese version of the JCS, with 18 items, has a factor structure composed of four-correlated factors. Furthermore, the results demonstrated the existence of factor, discriminant, and criterion validity, as well as reliability. Originality/value - This study provides a job crafting measure adapted to the Portuguese language that can serve as a diagnostic tool for workers and organizations.
- The work-family interface management and the effects on satisfaction with life and passion for workPublication . Sousa, Cátia; Maria Ramos Gonçalves, Gabriela; Sousa, António Oliveira e; Silva, Tania; Santos, JoanaThe work-family (WFC) and family-work (FWC) conflicts together with the guilt arising thereof have a negative effect on well-being, professional, social and family health variables. The literature points to a higher incidence of the values of these variables in females and individuals with children, but these results vary culturally. Given the importance of these variables in occupational and safety health and the few studies with Portuguese samples, we choose to develop a descriptive and correlational study aimed to explore the relationship of WFC -FWC with the feeling of guilt and the relationship with outcomes variables such as life satisfaction and work passion according to the gender and the presence of children. Our results show higher values in the WFC and work-family guilt, in particular in men and individuals with children, as well as a correlation with the obsessive passion and a negative correlation with life satisfaction.