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- The collaborative economy based analysis of demand: Study of Airbnb case in Spain and PortugalPublication . Palos-Sanchez, Pedro R.; Correia, Marisol B.The rise of the collaborative economy has just started to become a reality in the economy of the countries in the European Union. The aim of this article is to use Goal - Question - Metric methodology to verify that the rise of Internet searches has an impact on collaborative economy. Specifically, Airbnb was the collaborative economy service analyzed. The demonstration was carried out with a statistical analysis of the Internet searches, looking at their evolution in Spain, Portugal and USA over the past 10 years. A working hypothesis was also defined to test whether the demand for information about Airbnb has a positive influence on the total spending of tourists who booked apartments in Spain during the period between July 2015 and August 2016. The results lead us to make a projection of growth for Airbnb service in the coming years. The case studied is very representative of this economic model, even though there is a large number of lesser-known websites. Finally, the results corroborate previous studies that defend that tools for studying trends and correlations of search terms are techniques that help decision making in studies and market research.
- How do external openness and R&D activity influence open innovation management and the potential contribution of social media in the tourism and hospitality industry?Publication . Iglesias-Sanchez, Patricia P.; Lopez-Delgado, Pilar; Correia, Marisol B.; Jambrino-Maldonado, CarmenThis research focuses on how the tourism and hospitality industry is applying the paradigm of open innovation, supported by social media. Open innovation (OI) has been on the topical research agenda, but the previous literature lacks studies in the service sector and specifically for tourism companies. Moreover, the introduction of social media as a tool to implement open innovation is considered the main research gap. Structural equation modelling is applied to data from 181 Portuguese and Spanish companies to study both customer involvement in new product development and the perceptions and results in terms of turnover and competitiveness. The structure of the relationships between research and development, external openness and open innovation management is highlighted with statistical analysis. In addition, the introduction of social media adds value to the proposed model. Currently, there is a lack of available models to give structure to the OI paradigm and to allow us to manage it. The contribution of this research is a comparison of the explanatory power of three models that allow us to test how certain strategic guidelines in tourism companies influence each other and have a mediating or multiplier effect when linked to each other (nested models method). In conclusion, the originality of this research is based on the relationship between open innovation management and social media and the mediating effect of external openness.
- Instagram as a co-creation space for tourist destination image-building: Algarve and Costa del Sol Case studiesPublication . Iglesias-Sánchez, Patricia P.; Correia, Marisol B.; Jambrino-Maldonado, Carmen; de las Heras-Pedrosa, CarlosInstagram is a popular social media platform. Its ability to convey feelings through photographs has become a valuable communication tool for tourism destination branding. The cases of two destinations in Southern Europe provide an understanding of how Instagram can be used to promote a destination’s image by Destination Management Organizations (DMOs). For this purpose, a content analysis is carried out, first of the o cial Instagram accounts of Algarve (Portugal) and Costa del Sol (Spain), and then of the most popular hashtags related to them, showing User-Generated Content (UGC) from the points of view of both destination managers and tourists. The results show that Instagram is a strategic social media platform for enhancing the brand image by engaging customers. Destinations seize content generated by tourists; therefore, the hermeneutic circle of representation is inverted, as photos taken by tourists aim to reproduce the perceived image of a destination and motivate tourists to capture their experiences with the best picture. Additionally, it is worth highlighting, as a main finding, the role of sustainability as a key factor in UGC for DMOs and for Instagram users. This research provides valuable information about designing promotion strategies for DMOs, in order to understand the potential of Instagram in building a destination’s image and inspiring tourism through images.
- Algarve hotel price determinants: a hedonic pricing modelPublication . Soler, Ismael P.; Gemar, German; Correia, Marisol B.; Serra, FranciscoThis study sought to assess customers' willingness to pay for a wide variety of characteristics and attributes of hotels in Portugal's Algarve region. After collecting nearly all the information available on TripAdvisor for hotels in this region, a hedonic pricing model was developed using a database of 9992 cases. The results suggest that - after standardisation - the most important variable shaping Algarve hotel room rates is the previous day's prices. When associated with a family-friendly hotel, star category and services have a greater value than beaches or golf courses do. Customers also appreciate some types of hotels, such as boutique, quaint or trendy hotels, but view others negatively, such as family-friendly or business hotels. Only the specific location of Falesia Beach adds value, although the Algarve is a desirable destination overall. Both destination and hotel managers can use the proposed method to analyse data for their region on customers' propensity to pay.
- The effect of redundancy and neutrality in genetic searchPublication . Correia, Marisol B.An experimental study aimed at assessing the influence of redundancy and neutrality on the performance of an (1+1)-ES evolution strategy modeled using Markov chains and applied to NK fitness landscapes is presented. For the study, two families of redundant binary representations, one non-neutral family which is based on linear transformations and that allows the phenotypic neighborhoods to be designed in a simple and effective way, and the neutral family based on the mathematical formulation of error control codes are used. The results indicate whether redundancy or neutrality affects more strongly the behavior of the algorithm used.
- Study of some properties of neutral binary representationsPublication . Correia, Marisol B.This paper analyzes some of the properties of binary neutral representations considered in the literature, using families of neutral binary representations NNg (l, k) based on the mathematical formulation of error control codes. The performance of an (1 + 1)_ES modeled using Markov chains is used to verify that the representations of NNg (l, k) with better performance in NK(N, K) fitness landscapes with adjacent neighborhood do not exhibit extreme values of any of the properties commonly considered in the literature of evolutionary computation.
- Transforming a company’s staffing process: implementing E-recruitmentPublication . Monteiro, Ileana; Correia, Marisol B.; Goncalves, CidaliaThis project discusses the importance of evaluating a company's staffing methods, in order to improve and optimize people recruitment, selection, as well as integration and socialization in the organization. The particular focus is the implementation of Social Media (SM) and e-recruitment in a private sector company, reveling the importance of these digital media to recruit candidates with the desired profile and to support the new collaborators' integration and socialization. A business project is presented, following a scientific-technical approach, in the analysis of functions and in the profiles definitions and on information obtained through semi-structured interviews with human resources specialists who are responsible for recruitment and selection as well as interviews with newly hired workers in the company, demonstrating the effectiveness of these means for jobseekers. At the same time, a project study for the implementation of new digital tools in the company is prepared. This study shows that the development of a new website articulated with SM, for which business pages have been built, in addition to the use of e-recruitment portals, is a real benefit for the organization because they facilitate and increase the performance of the recruitment and selection process at the same time promoting the company's image.
- Analysis of social networks as an instrument of communication in the tourist destinations of AlgarvePublication . Sanchez Jimenez, Miguel Angel; Correia, Marisol B.; Matos, NelsonThe future of social media and the ability to measure its impact has generated much debate as companies have adopted the use of social media platforms to communicate their products. The calculation of this impact can be a complex task but the entity that does not do so will jeopardize its ability to demonstrate the full benefits of its business. Consumers now have the opportunity to comment on their experiences and opinions in these social media and hope to participate in a conversation with the brand. This fact has gained even more impact in the tourism sector due to the great influence that other opinions and experiences have on the tourist's choice. Thus, the tourist offer must now build its strategies incorporating this dialogue and measuring the impact on its brands to make the right strategic and tactical decisions. Thus, in this study the activity and effectiveness of official social networks by the different tourist areas of the Algarve was analyzed, through the measurement of indicators obtained through the online analysis tool Fanpage Karma. In the results, Facebook stands out as the main social network of the Algarve tourist destinations in which all the municipalities actively participate in said network, generating a very good commitment or engagement, thus improving the image and reputation of said destinations. Also note the scarce presence and engagement of Twitter and the importance of images and videos in the social networks of the tourism sector.
- Representações redundantes para procura evolutivaPublication . Correia, Marisol B.Existe actualmente um grande interesse na influência da redundância e da neutralidade no comportamento dos algoritmos evolutivos. Alguns autores consideram que a procura evolutiva pode ser influenciada de forma positiva pela utilização de representações redundantes, enquanto outros afirmam que a adição de redundância aleatória parece ser inútil na optimização. Em virtude desta falta de consenso e tendo em conta a existência de redundância e de neutralidade no código genético, são propostas nesta dissertação duas novas famílias de representações binárias redundantes. A família de representações neutrais baseia-se na formulação matemática dos códigos de controlo de erros, utilizados em comunicações digitais, enquanto a família de representações não neutrais baseia-se em transformações lineares e permite definir a vizinhança fenotípica pretendida de uma forma simples e directa. É apresentado um estudo experimental destinado a avaliar a influência da redundância e da neutralidade no desempenho de um algoritmo evolutivo simples, especificamente, de uma estratégia evolutiva (1+1)-ES, modelada através de cadeias de Markov e aplicada a paisagens de aptidão NK. Os resultados permitem concluir que a vizinhança fenotípica induzida pela representação redundante domina o comportamento do algoritmo evolutivo, afectando de forma mais profunda a procura do que a neutralidade, e que as melhores representações não apresentam valores extremos de nenhum dos indicadores de qualidade das representações habitualmente considerados na literatura.
- How redundancy and neutrality may affect evolution on NK fitnessPublication . Correia, Marisol B.; Fonseca, C. M.An experimental study was performed to determine whether it is neutrality itself or the larger neighborhoods associated with neutral representations that allow good results to be achieved on NK fitness landscape problems. Markov chains were used to model a stochastic hill climber on NK fitness landscapes, using three types of representation: a neutral network representation, a redundant representation without neutrality which exhibits the same neighborhood of the neutral representation and a non-redundant representation.