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Percorrer FCT1-Teses por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "06:Água Potável e Saneamento"
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- A importância da gestão sustentável da água em espaço urbanoPublication . Martins, Tomás Galvão Videira de Oliveira; Antunes, Carla Rolo; Zoilo Sánchez, Juan IgnacioO presente documento relata o trabalho desenvolvido, no âmbito do estágio curricular realizado no atelier PROAP - Estudos e Projetos de Arquitetura Paisagista, Lda, em Lisboa, em 2023, durante um período de quatro meses, com a meta de obter o grau de mestre em Arquitetura Paisagista. O relatório descreve e analisa três projetos de referência, que aplicam estratégias de gestão hídrica sustentável para melhorar a qualidade de vida do ser humano na sua utilização do espaço urbano como habitat principal. Este relatório está estruturado em quatro fases sequenciais, começando pela apresentação do local de estágio (PROAP), da sua equipa e do seu funcionamento, demonstrando a organização, filosofia e metodologias de trabalho do atelier; uma segunda fase que resume o Estado da Arte; uma terceira fase de análise e descrição sucinta de dois projetos referentes ao tema de estágio acompanhado do relato minucioso do conteúdo prático e teórico produzido durante o estágio e por fim, uma quarta e última fase que abrange acompanhamento de um projeto de desenvolvimento urbano sustentável presente na cidade de Novara, em Itália. A parte final do documento contém algumas reflexões referentes à realização do estágio, à aquisição, consolidação e desenvolvimento de competências, à experiência profissional obtida, avaliando o cumprimento dos objetivos a que se propõe.
- Anaerobic digestion of sludge from RAS and MBBR maturationPublication . Gonçalves, Francisco Matias; Castro, Carolina; Teixeira, Margarida RibauRecirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are gaining popularity for their enhanced sustainability and increased fish production rates. However, the potential of saltwater RAS is constrained due to the absence of a standardized method for treating the saltwater sludge produced. Besides this, biofilter maturation in marine RAS is more challenging and less explored. Hence, this study aims to 1) Identify a suitable inoculum for Anaerobic Digestion (AD) of sludge produced in marine RAS and 2) compare different media substrates K3, K5 and Biochip on maturation and nitrification performance in Moving Bed Biofilm reactor (MBBR). Serum bottles were adapted as anaerobic reactors to test three different inocula for COD and TSS removal capacity and methane purity of the biogas produced: 1) Digested sludge from an operating anaerobic reactor (ETAR); 2) aquaculture earth pond sludge (A) and 3) a mix of ETAR and A (MIX). Regarding MBBR maturation, K3, K5 and Biochip’s MBBRs were operated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1 hour and 60 % filling ratio. AD results showed that ETAR and MIX removed 49.7 and 48.7% of COD while 67.4 and 82% of TSS, respectively. The methane purity found in the biogas of ETAR, MIX and A inocula were 0.22, 2.5 and 3.5%. Regarding MBBR maturation, start-up was completed on day 46 for K3 and K5’MBBR while on day 50 for Biochip’s MBBR. Biochip, K5 and K3 MBBR’s attained a TAN removal efficiency of 93.4, 87.5 and 66% while Biochip and K5’s MBBRs stabilized their nitrite removal efficiency at 89.3 and 88.9%. In contrast, K3 still showed an increasing trend, reaching 40%. Overall, this study showed that considering inocula previously exposed to salinity could be a better option for AD of marine RAS while MBBR’s with K5 and Biochip can achieve better water quality in FLATLANTIC RAS.
- Análise de métodos de classificação automática de uso do solo associadas à caracterização e quantificação de áreas regadas - Caso de estudo Campina de Faro, AlgarvePublication . Marques, Jonat Stefani Justa; Martins, Fernando Miguel Granja; Costa, Luís Ricardo Dias daA região Algarvia, com um clima temperado de características mediterrânicas, enfrenta uma crescente incidência de fenómenos de seca hidrológica prolongada, o que agrava de forma significativa os desafios relacionados com a escassez de recursos hídricos na região. A estimativa de valores do consumo de água subterrânea em áreas de regadio na região Algarvia consiste numa variável difícil de controlar e quantificar, não só devido ao elevado número de captações particulares, mas também por causa da variação meteorológica, que afeta os regimes de rega e das áreas regadas. Através da informação extraída pelo processamento de imagens digitais obtidas por deteção remota, juntamente com os valores das dotações de rega, pretende-se contribuir para estimativas do balanço hídrico do sistema aquífero de Campina de Faro mais precisas. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a classificação de uso e ocupação do solo para desenvolver uma metodologia de classificação automática de áreas agrícolas e espaços verdes regados, usando imagens de satélite Sentinel-2, aplicados à Campina de Faro. O projeto permitiu caracterizar com precisão as principais culturas agrícolas e espaços verdes regados na área de estudo e estimar o volume de água utilizado na rega com base nas dotações de rega das diferentes culturas. A metodologia desenvolvida é facilmente replicável para diferentes períodos e zonas, oferecendo uma ferramenta útil para a gestão dos recursos hídricos na região do Algarve. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a classificação das principais áreas e culturas regadas no sistema aquífero, bem como a quantificação da sua variação ao longo do tempo. Para além disso, foram aplicadas dotações de rega oficiais da DGADR, com o objetivo de estimar o volume de água utilizado na rega destas parcelas agrícolas, de forma a quantificar o volume de água extraído do aquífero para a agricultura e golfe. Os valores obtidos estão próximos dos valores oficiais reportados nos Planos de Gestão da Região Hidrográfica, o que demonstra, de certa forma, a fiabilidade dos resultados alcançados com esta metodologia.
- Analysis of macrofaunal diversity in fluvial habitats occupied by peixinho in São Tomé: an approach to understanding biodiversityPublication . Fernandes, Wadmilton Manuel da Trindade; Baptista, Vânia Catarina Vieira; Maia, Hugulay AlbuquerqueRiver ecosystems provide various ecosystem services, such as support, provision, and regulation. In São Tomé and Príncipe, the services provided by rivers contribute to the food security of many families. However, little is known about the biodiversity in these habitats; for example, there is still no checklist of species. In this study, a biodiversity survey was conducted in the rivers of São Tomé Island to describe their macrofaunal composition. Various techniques, including traps and snorkeling, were used to record species. Sixteen species belonging to 11 families were documented, including six fish species, five crustaceans, three insects, and two mollusks. The macrofaunal composition varied between and along the rivers. This study enhances our understanding of the biodiversity in these ecosystems, providing a foundation for future research and conservation efforts.
- Biodegradation of ibuprofen and fluoxetine by bacterial strains isolated from environmental samples and identification of candidate catabolic genesPublication . Vargas Villagómez, Ayleen Dayana; Costa, Maria ClaraPharmaceuticals are commonly found in surface waters due to high global demand. Conventional wastewater treatment plants don’t remove them completely being a major source of these compounds, which pose a risk to the environment and human health despite their low concentrations. The objective of the present investigation was to isolate bacteria from environmental and wastewater samples from the Algarve area potentially exposed to recalcitrant contaminants (aromatic compounds), capable of degrading pharmaceuticals. Ibuprofen (IBU) and fluoxetine (FLX), two of the most common drugs found in effluents worldwide, were the targets. Twenty bacterial strains were isolated using enrichment cultures. However, only three strains (TIBU2.1, LOI1.1 and LOI1.2) showed the ability to degrade IBU, and two (LOFLX1.1 and LOFLX1.3) FLX. The drug concentration was monitored by HPLC, as well as the presence of IBU metabolites eventually formed during biodegradation. In addition, two bacterial strains (Mycolicibacterium aubagnense HPB1.1 and Micrococcus yunnanensis TJTP4), previously isolated for other pharmaceuticals, were investigated in this work. Klebsiella pneumoniae TIBU2.1 and M. yunnanensis TJTP4 exhibited complete degradation of IBU after 15 and 14 days, respectively, while M. aubagnense HPB1.1 was also able to degrade 60.2% ± 0.4 of IBU after 21 days. Additionally, the complete genomes of these three bacterial strains were sequenced to conduct a preliminary analysis of candidate genes involved in the degradation pathway of IBU. Catabolic enzymes reported in databases and literature for IBU biodegradation were used to search for similar proteins translated by the obtained genome sequences. These in silico analyses on the bacterial genomes showed similarities with most of the reported proteins. This work provides useful genetic information for the development of bioaugmentation techniques and reports new bacteria for bioremediation processes transforming IBU into less toxic metabolic compounds.
- Can bivalve selective feeding shape phytoplankton community structure in the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon?Publication . Coscollá, María Nohales; Domingues, Rita; Barbosa, Ana Maria BrancoPhytoplankton plays a vital role in aquatic ecosystems, driving primary production, carbon cycling and nutrient recycling. The impact of bivalve feeding on phytoplankton biomass and community composition has been extensively documented. Nevertheless, there is currently no published research examining the impact of bivalve grazing and its selectivity on natural phytoplankton assemblages within the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon, a region responsible for 90% of Portugal's bivalve mollusc production. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of grazing by Mytilus galloprovincialis on natural phytoplankton assemblages in Ria Formosa. In particular, the effects of grazing on phytoplankton biomass, abundance, community composition, and the mussel's selectivity for different phytoplankton functional groups. The abundance and composition of phytoplankton were assessed using chlorophyll a concentration and microscopy: epifluorescence for pico- and nanophytoplankton and inverted for microphytoplankton. Mussel feeding was assessed by clearance rate. The microcosm experiments revealed a significant reduction in phytoplankton abundance due to mussel grazing in March, with a consistent decline in diatom abundance across all experiments. However, no significant changes were observed in phytoplankton biomass or community structure. The estimated per capita clearance rates of M. galloprovincialis ranged from 0.82 to 4.36 L h -1 individual-1 based on total chlorophyll a concentration, 1.07 to 1.95 L h -1 individual-1 based on total phytoplankton abundance, and 0.41 to 23.63 L h -1 individual-1 1 for specific phytoplankton groups. The results indicate that mussels selectively graze diatoms without significantly affecting overall phytoplankton biomass or community composition in Ria Formosa. Given the region's ecological and economic importance, understanding bivalve selective grazing is crucial for effective ecosystem management. Further studies should investigate the long-term impacts of this grazing on phytoplankton diversity and ecosystem resilience, particularly in light of changing conditions and growing aquaculture demands.
- Characterization of bacteria in seafood and environmental waters samples from Namibe (Angola)Publication . Calado, Beatriz Lopes; Cardoso, João; Power, Deborah MFoodborne diseases are a major burden worldwide and are very common and one of the major causes of death in underdeveloped countries. Coliform bacteria are a non-taxonomic group of Enterobacterales order that commonly inhabit the intestines of warm-blooded animals. While most coliform bacteria are not associated with foodborne illness, there are coliforms (faecal origin) that can cause diseases in humans of which most cases are associated with pathogenic E. coli strains. Therefore, detection of coliforms is commonly used as an indirect measure of quality control and safety of foods and waters for human consumption. The present study aimed to isolate and characterise coliform bacteria from bivalves that are used for human consumption and from their environmental seawater to identify species that may represent a potential risk for human health. Four different locations (Mucoio, Praia das Conchas, Sacomar, and Praia Amélia) in the coast of Namibe in Angola were sampled and microbiology techniques, molecular analysis, biochemical and virulence assays were performed to characterise the different isolates. Our results revealed that isolates correspond to Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and Citrobacter freundii and that the mussels collected from Praia das Conchas showed the highest fecal coliform contamination and diversity. At least 6 different strains of E. coli, 4 of Enterobacter spp. and 2 Klebsiella spp. and 1 of Citrobacter freundii were found and they show different resistance to cephalosporins and penicillins which are common antibiotics used in clinical. Virulence tests were performed using a representative strain from each species using the arthropod model Galleria mellonella and suggest that all strains are likely to be pathogenic and most or the larvae were death in the first 24h post injection. This study identify for the first time pathogenic coliforms bacteria in bivalve food samples and environmental waters from Namibe which may represent a health risk to the local population and the major causative agents of foodborne and other diseases.
- Ecohydrological assessment of a complex river-floodplain system for the enhancement of its multidimensional potentialPublication . Guzmán, Damaris Rios; Chicharo, Luis; Jarosiewicz, PawełRiver floodplain systems are critical for sustaining biodiversity and providing a wide range of ecosystem services. However, climate change and anthropogenic activities increasingly disrupt the hydrological and ecological connectivity of these systems, red ucing their resilience to external pressures. The degradation of floodplains undermines key ecosystem services, including the support of terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, the regulation of hydrological extremes such as floods and droughts, and the sequ estration of carbon. Given the global challenges of water scarcity and associated ecological consequences, there is an urgent need for innovative management strategies to enhance the mult idimensional roles of floodplains in water resource management, biodiversity conservation, and climate change adaptation. Therefore, this thesis focused on the study of the river floodplain system that was selected as the demonstration site for the ecohydrological project LIFE Pilica (LIFE19 IPE/PL/000005) in Central Poland. The study addresse d the hydrological connectivity within the river floodplain system during spring and early summer, assessing its effects on water quality. A particular focus was placed on phosphorus dynamics between the water and sediment compartments, aiming to propose management strategies that mitigat e excessive phosphorus release for a sustainable water retention in the floodplain area. Three primary hydrological connection s were identified between the studied floodplain, Pilica river and an upstream wetland . The connectivity decreased significantly throughout the study (from 0.185 m 3 s 1 in March to 0.002 m 3 s 1 in May )), with the first connection turning into a drainage source in April due to Pilica’s water level decrease . By May, the second source dried up, and the third was projected to cease at a river discharge below 12 m³s⁻¹ (R² = 0.94). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed a greater difference between water quality from the o xbow l ake with the river ’s inflow (35.4%) than with the wetland’s outflow ( 15.5%). This shift underscores an increased risk of eutrophication in both water bodies, driven by prolonged residence times, nutrient accumulation, and the lack of water exchange from the river. Sediment analysis revealed significant differences in water content and organic matter between samples ( p < 0.05 at the studied floodplain part . Most sediments were rich in organic phosphorus and bound to Fe, Al, and Mn. Sorption tests showed greater phosphorus adsorption in air dried sediments and a high zero equilibrium phosphorus concentration (EPC₀), indicating a tendency to release phosphoru s when exposed to river water , thus highlighting the need of proper management prior increasing hydrological connectivity . In conclusion, the implementation of a water retention basin in the area will tackle the greatest threat to the studied river floodplain system: the progressive loss of hydrological connectivity. Furthermore, the potential risk of phosphorus release was ev aluated to refine the management strategy , ensuring it effectively mitigates nutrient loading and supports long term ecosystem health.
- Estudo do património hidráulico da Ria de Faro (Paúl de Marchil e áreas poentes)Publication . Maietti, Giulia; Batista, Desidério; Costa, Miguel ReimãoPara além da imagem habitualmente associada ao Algarve, caracterizada por praias de areia dourada e paisagens costeiras deslumbrantes, existe uma realidade menos conhecida mas igualmente fascinante, a paisagem rural. Nela se encontra um rico património hidráulico que representa não só a evidência tangível de um passado que está a desaparecer gradualmente, mas também uma fonte de conhecimento, ligada à gestão de recursos que nem sempre são abundantes, como por exemplo a água. Esta dissertação, realizada no âmbito do projeto INCULTUM (Visiting the margins: INnovative CULtural ToUrisM in European peripheries), tem como objetivo estudar o património hidráulico tradicional do Algarve. Para a realização deste trabalho, foi identificada uma área de estudo, localizada a oeste da cidade de Faro, na zona conhecida como Campina de Faro. Esta investigação combina diferentes abordagens, como a revisão bibliográfica e cartográfica e o trabalho de campo. Através destes métodos, foi possível, em primeiro lugar, efetuar uma caraterização da área de estudo, na qual se identificaram os elementos que podem ser considerados parte do património hidráulico tradicional algarvio; a seguir, estes métodos permitiram a realização de um estudo de pormenor sobre três casos significativos, identificados entre os sistemas de regadio. Esta dissertação não só confere uma visibilidade renovada à riqueza do património hidráulico algarvio, mas também contribui com novos conhecimentos sobre a importância histórica e cultural que estes elementos desempenham no seu contexto.
- Green solutions: exploring nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs´ impact on cucurbitaceae for environmental remediationPublication . Mudiyanselage, Chathurika Priyadarshani Huladduwa; Urbaniak, Magdalena; Chícharo, LuisNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used pharmaceuticals in the world, found as contaminants in water, soil, and sediment, posing risks to natural organisms and human health. Phytoremediation is an effective and ecologically acceptable approach for environmental pollutants. Plants from the Cucurbitaceae family have the potential to remediate contaminants in soil. Recent research indicates that certain fungicides can regulate the uptake of organic compounds, modulating major latex-like protein (MLP) in these plants. This study examines the impact of NSAIDs combined with benomyl on the physiology, biochemistry, and leaf endophytes of the zucchini plant (Cucurbita pepo). Plants were grown in OECD soil media under controlled greenhouse conditions for 28 days. There were six variants: control, paracetamol (25 mg/L), paracetamol + benomyl, diclofenac (2.5 mg/L), diclofenac + benomyl and benomyl. Water, fertilizer and benomyl were added according to a predefined schedule. After the incubation, fresh biomass, chlorophyll contents and phenolics concentrations were measured for each variant. Functional and structural diversity of leaf endophytes were analyzed by Biolog EcoPlate™ method and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study demonstrated that paracetamol decreased the fresh biomass of roots, stems and leaves, while diclofenac treatment had a similar trend, with the lowest stems and leaves biomass. Paracetamol treatment increased chlorophyll content, whereas diclofenac had a minimal effect on chlorophyll pigments. Additionally, phenolic compounds increased significantly in plants treated with paracetamol but lowered in the diclofenac variant compared to the control. Both NSAIDs significantly decreased the leaf endophytic metabolic activity and microbial structural diversity. Benomyl, when applied alone, also displayed some impacts on plant physiology and leaf endophytic microbial community. However, benomyl considerably mitigated the detrimental consequences of NSAID-treated plants by enhancing biomass and chlorophyll content, improving resilience to oxidative stress, and promoting endophytic microbial diversity. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the fungicide-mediated regulation of NSAID-induced phytotoxicity in zucchini and highlight the potential for developing strategies to enhance phytoremediation in contaminated environments.
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